STEP LINEAR SPRINGS
Step springs can be considered as linear springs, double rigidity. This type of progressive springs and spring is from a normal spring. Linear Step Closer to each other, the other half of the springs ranges from half of the beans are different (see figure 2). So, step to linear springs with dual rate springs spring. Step Linear Springs operates as follows: Spring jam when the beans begin to get close to each other. Close to the springs from a certain point value to each other and the work of this section ends the spring. The remaining, more rigid broadcast from beans to be more open because it results in shorter length of a broadcast is hard. These springs, as we have mentioned above have to double-rigidity or dual spring rate (for a separate SECTION 1, Section 2 for the individual) can be considered as springs.
PROGRESSİVE SPRINGS (Progressive spring / Progressive feder / Ressort progressif)
Variable spring rate springs have to. Progressive springs RANGE EACH POD is different from each other. Embrace as a result of this road, zıplamalarda, showing the best performance braking springs. Progressive springs, each spring more than applied in print (in weight), respond to harden more than bow to this pressure. Broadcast in real driving conditions are exposed in daily life pressures would be extremely variable, ie, linear stepper yaylardaki not, as only 2 to different load levels, PROGRESSIVE SPRINGS variable spring rate to keep up with the best all terrain attributes, springs ...

Today's technology is an essential element of the machine elements are used almost anywhere and without a doubt one of the springs. Springs, features, and both were made of elastic material and for winding shapes, a relatively large strain energy and storing it in a more or less friction loss by use of the elements that back again. Publication of any elastic in the shape change under load, and can become a burden to come with the removal of old capable of being requested. At this point, the publication of the material used in making yaylanabilme feature is important. The spring steel springs used in the construction materials, high elastic modulus and the border, must have high fatigue strength and creep.

Machine elements, rarely operate under static loads. Often, changing the load and stress maruzdurlar. The applied static loads, even though the stresses that occur during operation elemanınbelirli section may vary. For example, an employee of the shaft bending under static load at any time, push the upper side of the fibers, the lower side of the fibers are subject to shoot. 180 "rotation of the shaft to press the case for a while before trying to pull fibers, are struggling to attract those who are subjected to pressing [4]. Springs are used to provide more safety. For this reason, an important issue to determine the characteristics of springs and spring materials. Springs so as to ensure safe operation for the determination of life under repeated load, fatigue tests are needed. Fatigue test, an experiment carried out to determine the life of a broadcast continuous resistance [3]. In this study, different wire diameter, pitch and diameter of the springs have a spring fatigue eneylerinin apılması, save for the machine design and manufacture of laboratory type was performed. To examine a particular life of the springs running under load, the design and manufacture of this experimental setup, the publication will fatigue as a result of repeated loads. Thus, the experiments will be published as a result of life may be detected. While the experimental system design, the springs dry, oily, corrosive and so on. different operating conditions were taken into account, such as. Therefore, the desired publication done in accordance with different working conditions, fatigue tests were designed and manufactured.

 

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPRINGS

Spring, storing energy when stretched, to stretch themselves when left to its own devices back to the same amount of energy that supplies the element of a machine. Springs in general, reduce the vibration and jolts (automobile shock absorber to prevent strokes ,...), springs (springs ,...), machine parts buffer to hold the same position (compound dies, valves ,...), measure the force (dynamometer), The restriction forces (safety valves, presses, bring a motion ,...) and (h zemberekleri, established toys, etc..) are used for such purposes. Materials used in making steel springs, the working conditions vary. It springs working conditions, according to the effect of force applied, printed, drawn, or burulurlar curve. Springs, strain type and the external forces acting on the external forms and publications can be classified according to the wire cross section. Zorlanış format, according to a torsion spring around the torque attempting to heal or torsion springs working in opposition to a load, a force pressing against the working pressure by putting springs, attracted by putting a force working against the compression springs and bending springs working in opposition to a forced bending. According to external forms, cylindrical, conical, helical, spiral, disc, leaf springs and a bracelet. Spring according to the wire cross section, circular, square and rectangular springs. Springs for the chromium, silicon, silicon-manganese and chromium-vanadium alloy steels are used. In addition, special cases, phosphor bronze, brass, copper and various nickel alloys can be used berilyumlu. Necessary, especially where large damping rubber, cork, various liquids and air, such as steel for springs used in the selection of materials important to keep in mind there are three items. These are to increase the resistance to withstand the required mechanical properties, mechanical properties will provide the structure for the chemical properties, are required to maintain a high surface düzgünlüğüdür Fatigue section.

Spring material is also asked to have the following features;

- High elastic limit is not clear if the elastic limit of the high yield in terms of benefiting a wide range of elastic deformation zone,

- High-strength when the strength and constant values in order to meet the specific vibrations and extreme loads,

- High elongation and bending properties of water give shape to give öncekisoğuk hardening process, which will enable adequate in terms of plastic deformation feature, for example, springs such as winding and bending.

The percentage of properties of steels C and Si, Cr, Mn and V with elements such as the alloy is provided.

Springs, under the influence of the force shows large amounts of deformation and deformation during the mechanical elements of the energy accumulating. Have a wide application area.

Springs, to implement the system within the force, to control the movement, to damping, the frequency change, take on many tasks, such as to measure force and torque. This is due to the properties of many products produced elemanıdırlar indispensable. Many types of plastics are made of metal. Springs are used in the fields of application depends on the shape and loading characteristics.

First of all springs, deformation elements when they are used to accumulate the mechanical energy. For this reason, a good spring, and any dimensional changes without significant deformation uğrayabilmeli rotate into balance.

The Importance of Spring Design
Providing services in engineering design of the spring, designers often need professional lives. However, most of the time spring design, design processes are not necessary attention. But the spring, is one of the most important elements to consider design process

If the product is a good result will not be used in the spring is not working as desired. For this reason, the design of the spring before the product design is important to do it correctly. This will reduce the cost of the product, increase the efficiency of the product will provide a long operating life.

Spring design, product design process late, considering the desired function of the product will live in hardship for the supply of spring and may cause extra cost and complexity.

All the designers agree it is very important the reliability of each machine will spring to life. Statistics have shown that the product is right for a spring design ensure a long life, taking the most important factor.

Technical specifications have been determined to provide maximum performance and optimum life of a spring where it is used will have.

Very well designed to perform a subject matter expert knowledge and support to individuals and institutions can be taken. Creating a product that people and institutions at the beginning of conceptual design ideas, exchange of views in the period to obtain the product bulunulabilir.

The required design modifications with the help of experts from the spring can be made more quickly and more efficiently. Enter a dialogue with these people during the early design process re-design time and will gain in terms of cost.

  Material Selection

Spring supplies the most durable materials used in industry (Figure 2). Springs are usually designed by taking into consideration other elements are more compelled they are exposed.

For example, helical compression springs wrapped in tensile strength p 's even more of a value may be susceptible to stress. In addition, the spring that supplies both high and low temperature, corrosive fluids found in places where sudden and dynamic loading should work there. Not only the mechanical properties of materials, electrical and magnetic properties of spring are also important.

There are several factors driving the selection of material for helical springs. These are state of the installation, operating voltage range, weight, working the border size, fatigue life, temperature, corrosion, manufacturing method (cold and hot rolled) and material properties may be considered.

Springs used in the applied load is increased and the springs are limited to be made of materials with higher tensile strength. If the stress acting on the publication of high value and high resistance to fatigue loading conditions, this time dinamikse materials should be preferred.

Spring materials is an issue of the important and profound. This study of a small introduction to this issue and arc design gives the people confidence in their selection of material.

In this study, published materials, discussed the five main groups. These are high-carbon spring steels, alloy spring steels, stainless spring steels, copper alloys and nickel alloys.

In Table 1 is a summary table of the reference material. This table is not a complete list of published material. Many of taken in order to be kept short.

Nickel Alloy Spring Materials
In 16% Cr 75% Ni and UNS N06600 in the high-temperature oxidation resistance and strength of materials are quite good. Cold withdrew tensile strength is also very high. With a Cu-Ni alloy UNS N04400, although the high strength and ductility of acid and alkali resistant. Salt water environments and light installations, such as sea water, especially against the very ideal material.

Stress Relieving Treatment

Generally, all spring materials are subject to change shape after stress relieving process is recommended. This process and the application of cold rolled spring steels, depending on the type of publication during the 1 hour and 10 minutes at temperatures between 220 C and 375 ° C performed. For the purpose of this process is to reduce stresses generated during winding. Compressive and tensile stresses that occur during winding Bows especially dangerous consequences.

Limit of elasticity of the material increases as a result of stress relief and release some dimensions are stabilized. However, the process of stress relieving the spring tension is removed from the bow is subject to dimensional change. The dimensional changes taken into account by the manufacturers of bows before winding springs.

Conclusion